Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK), Theory and Matlab code
DPSK
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DPSK

Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) is a type of phase modulation in which the phase of a carrier signal is changed based on the data being transmitted. In DPSK, the phase of the carrier signal is shifted by 180 degrees for a binary “1” and left unchanged for a binary “0”. DPSK is less susceptible to noise and interference than other types of phase modulation, making it a popular choice for wireless communications systems.

Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) Implementation

DPSK implementation typically involves the following steps:

  1. Modulation: The data to be transmitted is converted into a binary sequence and used to modulate the phase of a carrier signal. A binary “1” is represented by a phase shift of 180 degrees, while a binary “0” is represented by no phase shift.
  2. Transmission: The modulated signal is transmitted over a communication channel, such as a wired or wireless link.
  3. Demodulation: The received signal is demodulated to recover the original data. This is typically done by comparing the phase of the received signal to a reference signal and determining whether the phase has been shifted.
  4. Decoding: The demodulated data is decoded to recover the original information.

It’s worth noting that DPSK implementation can be done in software or hardware. In software, the modulation, demodulation and decoding stages can be implemented with a computer program, while in hardware, the modulation, demodulation and decoding stages can be implemented with dedicated electronic circuits.

Also, depending on the specific application, different forms of DPSK can be used, such as Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK) which uses four phase states instead of two, or Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) which is a specific form of DQPSK, but the concept remains the same.

Software Requirements

  • Matlab

Matlab Code

clc;
clear al;
close all;
N=10;
bk=round(rand(1,N));

br=10^6;
f=br;
T=1/br;

grid on;
subplot(4,1,1);
stem(bk,'linewidth',1.5);
title('INFORMATION BITS TO BE TRANSMITTED');
axis([0 11 0 1.5]);

dk=1;
coded =[dk];
for i=1:length(bk)
temp=~xor(dk,bk(i));
coded=[coded temp];
dk=temp;
end

subplot(4,1,2);
stem(coded,'linewidth',1.5);
grid on;
title('Differentially encoded signal');
axis([0 11 0 1.5]);

coded_PNRZ=2*coded-1;
mod_sig=[];
t=T/99:T/99:T;
for i=1:length(coded)
temp=coded_PNRZ(i)*sqrt(2/T)*cos(2*pi*f*t);
mod_sig=[mod_sig temp];
end

subplot(4,1,3);

tt=T/99:T/99:(T*length(coded));
plot(tt,mod_sig,'linewidth',1.5);
title('dpsk modulation signal');
grid on;

rec_sig=mod_sig;
rec_data=[];
for i=1:length(coded)-1
y_in=rec_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*rec_sig((i)*length(t)+1:(i+1)*length(t));
y_in_intg=trapz(t,y_in);
if (y_in_intg>0)
temp=1;
else
temp=0;
end
rec_data=[rec_data temp];
end

subplot(4,1,4);
stem(rec_data,'linewidth',3);
title('received information bits');
axis([0 11 0 1.5]);

Output

DPSK

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